I-Aluminiyam yaqala ukuchongwa njengento ngo-1782, kwaye isinyithi sasinandipha udumo olukhulu eFransi, apho kwi-1850s yayinemfashini ngaphezu kwegolide kunye nesilivere kwizinto zokuhombisa kunye nokutya.UNapoleon III wayethabatheke kakhulu kukusetyenziswa kwezomkhosi kwentsimbi ekhaphukhaphu, waza waxhasa ngezimali iimvavanyo zakwangoko xa kutsalwa ialuminiyam.Nangona isinyithi sifumaneka kakhulu kwindalo, inkqubo esebenzayo yokukhupha yahlala inzima iminyaka emininzi.I-aluminiyam yahlala inexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwaye ke ngoko isetyenziswa kancinci kwezorhwebo kuyo yonke inkulungwane ye-19.Ukuphumelela kweteknoloji ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ekugqibeleni kwavumela i-aluminium ukuba inyibilikiswe ngexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ixabiso lentsimbi lehla kakhulu.Oku kwavula indlela yophuhliso losetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso yesinyithi.

IAluminiyam ayizange isetyenziswe kwiitoti zesiselo de kwasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.Ngexesha lemfazwe, urhulumente wase-US wathumela isixa esikhulu sebhiya kwiitoti zentsimbi kubasebenzi bakhe phesheya kolwandle.Emva kwemfazwe inkoliso yebhiya yaphinda yathengiswa ngeebhotile, kodwa amajoni awayebuya aqhubeka ethanda iitoti.Abavelisi baqhubekile nokuthengisa utywala obunye kwiitoti zentsimbi, nangona iibhotile zazingamaxabiso aphantsi ukuvelisa.Inkampani ye-Adolph Coors yenze ibhiya yokuqala ye-aluminium kwi-1958. I-piece-piece yayo inokubamba kuphela ii-ounces ezi-7 (198 g), endaweni ye-12 eqhelekileyo (340 g), kwaye kwakukho iingxaki ngenkqubo yokuvelisa.Nangona kunjalo, i-aluminiyam inobungqina bokuba ithandwa ngokwaneleyo ukuvuselela ii-Coors, kunye nezinye iinkampani zetsimbi kunye ne-aluminium, ukuphuhlisa iitoti ezingcono.

Imodeli elandelayo yayiyinkonkxa yentsimbi kunye nomphezulu we-aluminium.Lo mxube unokuba neenzuzo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo.Isiphelo se-aluminiyam saguqula ukusabela kwegalvanic phakathi kwebhiya kunye nentsimbi, okubangele ibhiya ngokuphindwe kabini kubomi beshelufu obugcinwe kwiitoti zonke zentsimbi.Mhlawumbi inzuzo ebaluleke ngakumbi ye-aluminium ephezulu kukuba isinyithi esithambileyo sinokuvulwa kunye nethebhu yokutsala elula.Iitoti zesimbo esidala zazifuna ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo sokuvula esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba “sisitshixo secawa,” kwaye xa iSchlitz Brewing Company yazisa ibhiya yayo kwitoti ye-aluminium “pop top” ngo-1963, abanye abenzi bebhiya abakhulu bakhawuleza batsibela kwinqwelo yebhendi.Ekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, i-40% yazo zonke iitoti zebhiya zase-US zineencopho ze-aluminium, kwaye ngo-1968, elo nani liphindwe kabini ukuya kuma-80%.

Ngelixa iitoti eziphezulu ze-aluminiyam zazitshayela imarike, abavelisi abaninzi babejonge esona siselo sesiselo esine-aluminiyam.Itekhnoloji i-Coors yayisetyenzisile ukwenza i-aluminiyam ye-7-ounce inokuxhomekeka kwinkqubo "yempembelelo ye-extrusion",

Indlela yanamhlanje yokwenza iitoti zesiselo ze-aluminiyam ibizwa ngokuba yimizobo ephindwe kabini kunye ne-ayina eludongeni, eyaqala ukuziswa yinkampani iReynolds Metals ngo-1963.

apho inqindi eqhutywe kwi-slug ejikelezayo yenza umzantsi kunye namacala etoti kwisiqwenga esinye.Inkampani ye-Reynolds Metals yazisa i-aluminiyam yonke inokwenziwa yinkqubo eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuthi "umzobo kunye ne-ayina" ngo-1963, kwaye le teknoloji yaba ngumgangatho weshishini.I-Coors kunye ne-Hamms Brewery yayiphakathi kweenkampani zokuqala ezamkela le ngqayi entsha, kwaye i-PepsiCo kunye ne-Coca-Cola yaqala ukusebenzisa iitoti ze-aluminium zonke ngo-1967. Inani leetoti ze-aluminium ezithunyelwa e-US lenyuka ukusuka kwisiqingatha sebhiliyoni kwi-1965 ukuya kwi-8.5 yezigidigidi. Ngo-1972, kwaye inani laqhubeka likhula njengoko i-aluminiyam yaba yinto ekhethiweyo yokukhetha iziselo ze-carbonated.Isiselo sanamhlanje se-aluminiyam asinakuba khaphukhaphu kuphela kunesitayile esidala sentsimbi okanye intsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam, asikwazi nokugqwala, siyagodola ngokukhawuleza, umphezulu waso omenyezelayo awuprinteki lula kwaye utsala amehlo, sandisa ubomi beshelufu, kwaye siyakhawuleza. kulula ukurisayikilisheka.

i-aluminiyam esetyenziswa kwisiselo sinokuthi imboni ithathwe kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo.Amashumi amabini anesihlanu epesenti yobonelelo lwe-aluminiyam yaseMelika lulonke luvela kwi-scrap esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye isiselo sinakho ishishini ngowona msebenzisi uphambili wezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.Ugcino lwamandla lubalulekile xa iinkonkxa ezisetyenzisiweyo zinyibilikisiwe, kwaye i-aluminiyam inako ngoku i-aluminiyam ibuyisela ngaphezulu kwe-63% yeetoti ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ehlabathini lonke ukuveliswa kweetoti zesiselo ze-aluminiyam kuyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kukhula ngeebhiliyoni zeetoti zesiselo ngonyaka.Ngokujongene nale mfuno ikhulayo, ikamva lesiselo libonakala lilele kuyilo olugcina imali kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.Umkhwa obhekiselele kwiziciko ezincinci sele ubonakala, kunye needamitha ezincinci zentamo, kodwa ezinye iinguqu zinokuthi zingabonakali kumthengi.Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezingqongqo zokuxilonga ukuze bafundele iphepha, umzekelo, ukuphonononga ubume bekristale bentsimbi kunye ne-X-ray diffraction, ngethemba lokufumana iindlela ezingcono zokuphosa ii-ingots okanye ukuqengqeleka kwamaphepha.Utshintsho ekubunjweni kwe-alloyi ye-aluminium, okanye kwindlela i-alloy epholile ngayo emva kokuphosa, okanye ubukhulu be-sheet eqengqelekayo ayinakukhokelela kwiitoti ezibetha umthengi njengento entsha.Nangona kunjalo, yinkqubela phambili kwezi ndawo eziya kukhokelela kuqoqosho olunokuveliswa kwixesha elizayo.