Ibhiya kunye netoti yesiselo luhlobo lokupakisha ukutya, kwaye akufuneki ukongeza ngokugqithisileyo kwiindleko zeziqulatho zayo. Abenzi betoti bahlala befuna iindlela zokwenza ukuba ipakethe ingabizi mali ininzi. Emva kokuba inkonkxa yenziwe ibe ngamaqhekeza amathathu: umzimba (ukusuka kwiphepha elisicaba) kunye neziphelo ezimbini. Ngoku uninzi lweenkonkxa zebhiya neziselo ziziqwenga ezibini. Umzimba uveliswa kwisiqwenga esinye sesinyithi ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba ngumzobo kunye nokuayina eludongeni.

Le ndlela yokwakha ivumela ukuba kusetyenziswe isinyithi esincinci kakhulu kwaye itoti inamandla amakhulu kuphela xa igcwele isiselo se-carbonated kwaye itywinwe. I-spin-necking igcina isinyithi ngokunciphisa ububanzi bentamo. Phakathi kuka-1970 no-1990, izikhongozeli zebhiya neziselo ziye zakhaphukhaphu ngama-25%. E-USA, apho i-aluminiyam inexabiso eliphantsi, uninzi lweenkonkxa zebhiya neziselo zenziwe ngaloo ntsimbi. EYurophu, i-tinplate ihlala inexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye iitoti ezininzi zenziwe ngale nto. Ibhiya yanamhlanje kunye ne-tinplate yesiselo inomxholo ophantsi we-tin kumphezulu, imisebenzi ephambili ye-tin yi-cosmetic kunye ne-lubricating (kwinkqubo yokudweba). Ngoko i-lacquer eneempawu ezigqwesileyo zokukhusela iyadingeka, ukuba isetyenziswe ubuncinane bengubo yobunzima (6-12 µm, ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsimbi).

Ukwenza iitoti kuqoqosho kuphela ukuba iitoti zinokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Ezinye iitoti ezingama-800-1000 ngomzuzu ziya kuveliswa ukusuka kumgca omnye wokugquma, kunye nemizimba kunye neziphelo zigqunywe ngokwahlukeneyo. Imizimba yebhiya kunye neetoti zesiselo zenziwe ngelacquered emva kokuba zenziwe kwaye zithotywe. Usetyenziso olukhawulezileyo luphunyezwa ngokugqabhuka okufutshane kwesitshizi esingenamoya ukusuka kwilance ebekwe ecaleni kombindi wesiphelo esivulekileyo setoti ethe tye. Umkhonto unokuthi ume okanye ufakwe kwitoti emva koko ususwe. Itoti ibanjwe kwi-chuck kwaye ijikelezwe ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokutshiza ukufumana eyona nto ifanayo yokwambathisa. I-viscosity yokugqoka kufuneka ibe phantsi kakhulu, kwaye i-solids malunga ne-25-30%. Ubume bulula, kodwa izinto zangaphakathi zinyangwa ngumoya oshushu othululwayo, kwiishedyuli malunga nemizuzu emi-3 kwi-200 °C.

Iziselo ezithambileyo ezinekhabhoni ezithambileyo zineasidi. Ukuchasana nokubola kweemveliso ezinjalo kunikezelwa ngeengubo ezifana ne-epoxy-amino resin okanye iinkqubo ze-epoxy-phenolic resin. Ibhiya ayikugcwalisi rhabaxa kwitoti, kodwa incasa yayo inokonakala ngokulula ngokucholwa kwentsimbi kwitoti okanye ngezinto zokulandela umkhondo ezikhutshwe kwilacquer, kangangokuba ikwafuna iilayisi zangaphakathi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifanayo.

Uninzi lwezi zogquma ziguqulelwe ngempumelelo kwiinkqubo ze-colloidally dispersed okanye i-emulsion polymer, ngakumbi kwi-substrate elula ukukhusela, i-aluminium. Iingubo ezisekelwe emanzini ziye zanciphisa iindleko zizonke kwaye zehlisa umthamo we-solvent ekufuneka ilahlwe ngabatshisa emva kokutshisa ukuphepha ukungcola. Uninzi lweenkqubo eziyimpumelelo zisekelwe kwi-epoxy-acrylic copolymers kunye ne-amino okanye i-phenolic crosslinkers.

Kuyaqhubeka kunomdla wezorhwebo kwi-electrodeposition ye-lacquers esekelwe emanzini kwibhiya kunye neetoti zesiselo. Inkqubo enjalo inqanda isidingo sokufaka isicelo kwiidyasi ezimbini, kwaye inokukwazi ukunika iingubo ezingenasiphako ezichasene neziqulatho zetoti kubunzima obuphantsi befilimu eyomileyo. Kwiingubo zokutshiza ezifakwe emanzini, iziqulatho ze-solvent ezingaphantsi kwe-10-15% ziyafunwa.